La cultura del humor televisivo: El infoentretenimiento español desde su utilidad para las audiencias

El infoentretenimiento es la gran tendencia televisiva que prima actualmente en España. A la tradición de entretenimiento y ocio se le ha sumado el reciente interés por determinados temas de actualidad informativa, coincidente con la aparición de la crisis económica y los elevados casos de corrupción, lo que ha provocado que las audiencias se sientan atraídas por estos formatos que mezclan entretenimiento con informaciones de relevancia. La programación de las cadenas españolas ofrece hoy un amplio abanico de formatos, donde los conductores presentan los mismos hechos de la actualidad, pero de muy diversas formas, en función de si está más o menos presente el componente humorístico. Ello origina un consumo multipantalla y una interactividad con los medios que persigue cumplir funciones de muy diversa índole, hasta el punto de componer toda una cultura popular que gira en torno al concepto de infohumor. Este estudio muestra, a partir de la herramienta de investigación cualitativa de los grupos de discusión, cómo las motivaciones de las audiencias de estas fórmulas se sustentan no solo en el disfrute de las mismas, sino en su función como complemento crítico y opinativo para los asuntos más complejos de la sociedad. Realizamos un estudio de recepción aplicando entrevistas a grupos de espectadores de cuatro programas de interés: El Intermedio, Zappeando, El Hormiguero y Salvados. Los espectadores, divididos en dos generaciones, de 18 a 35 años y de 35 a 60, se entrevistaron de dos formas, juntos y por separado, de manera que contamos con tres grupos de discusión en total. De este modo, pudimos evaluar los usos y gratificaciones de este tipo de programas para las audiencias en su día a día, así como las diferencias de consumo y de recepción existentes a nivel generacional.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Concurrences and divergences between Spanish infotainment comedy professionals and audiences

Infotainment comedy is the branch of infotainment that mixes current affairs content with comedy. “Infotainment” is a relatively new term, first cited by Krüger (1988); as a television trend, academics agree that it must have existed much earlier, with English-language examples such as Saturday Night Live (NBC, 1975) or That was the week that was (BBC, 1962). In Spain, the roots of infotainment lie in Caiga quien caiga (Telecinco, 1996), a precursor to satirical pseudojournalism (García-Avilés, 1999). Nowadays, there are programs that present current affairs with comedy, as in the case of El intermedio (La Sexta, 2006) or Todo es mentira (Cuatro, 2019). Owing to the continuous evolution of formats and their complex definition and classification by academics and professionals, it is worth considering whether audiences also interpret the different programs in different ways depending on their elements, given that they depend on an “intuitive understanding” (Reinemann et al., 2011; Otto et al., 2017) that stems from the habit of repeated consumption. This article presents the results of a reception study contrasting Spanish infotainment comedy professionals and their audiences to assess whether their impressions of these shows are similar or if, on the contrary, their hybrid nature is so changeable that they have come to interpret them in a very different way. The methodology involved ten discussion groups with a total of 87 viewers and 13 interviews with professionals from four programs: El intermedio, Todo es mentira, Ese programa del que usted me habla (La 2, 2019), and La resistencia (Movistar+, 2018). According to the statements collected, the results revealed that audiences and content creators show more points of divergence than concurrences, which means that the messages are interpreted differently from how they were intended

Pre-explosive Accretion and Simmering Phases of SNe Ia

This publication is part of the project I + D + I PGC2018-095317-B-C21 funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER "A way of doing Europe" (E.B. and I.D.); L.P. and O.S. acknowledge financial support from the INAF-mainstream project "Type Ia Supernovae and their Parent Galaxies: Expected Results from LSST." O.S. and L.P. acknowledge their participation to the V:ANS project (Vanvitelli program on standard candles in astrophysics: Atomic and Nuclear physics in SNIa) supported by the Vanvitelli University.In accreting white dwarfs (WDs) approaching the Chandrasekhar limit, hydrostatic carbon burning precedes the dynamical breakout. During this simmering phase, e-captures are energetically favored in the central region of the star, while beta-decay are favored more outside, and the two zones are connected by a growing convective instability. We analyze the interplay between weak interactions and convection, the so-called convective URCA process, during the simmering phase of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors and its effects on the physical and chemical properties at the explosion epoch. At variance with previous studies, we find that the convective core powered by the carbon burning remains confined within the (21)(Ne,F) URCA shell. As a result, a much larger amount of carbon has to be consumed before the explosion that eventually occurs at larger density than previously estimated. In addition, we find that the extension of the convective core and its average neutronization depend on the the WD progenitor's initial metallicity. For the average neutronization in the convective core at the explosion epoch, we obtain (eta) over bar (exp) = (1.094 +/- 0.143) x 10(-3) + (9.168 +/- 0.677) x 10(-2) x Z. Outside the convective core, the neutronization is instead determined by the initial amount of C + N + O in the progenitor star. Since S, Ca, Cr, and Mn, the elements usually exploited to evaluate the pre-explosive neutronization, are mainly produced outside the heavily neutronized core, the problem of too high metallicity estimated for the progenitors of the historical Tycho and Kepler SNe Ia remains unsolved.FEDER "A way of doing Europe"INAF-mainstream project "Type Ia Supernovae and their Parent Galaxies: Expected Results from LSST"Vanvitelli University PGC2018-095317-B-C21MICIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

Proposal of new regression formulae for the estimation of age in infant skeletal remains from the metric study of the pars basilaris

In the context of physical and forensic anthropology, when a child’s skeleton is damaged or in poor condition, which is common, many of the metric methods for the estimation of skeletal age cannot be used. In these circumstances, those more resistant bones, such as the pars basilaris, will be most useful. The aims of this study were to test existing methods for estimating skeletal age from the metric study of the pars basilaris and to propose new regression formulae. One hundred fourteen individuals aged between 5 months of gestation and 6 years were analyzed; seven measures were taken from each pars basilaris using a digital caliper. The chronological age was compared with the estimated age using the methods published by Fazekas and Kósa in 1978 and by Scheuer and MacLaughlin in 1994. New regression formulae are proposed, obtained by classical calibration, which include confidence intervals at 50 and 97.5 % to express the error. With both methods, significant differences were observed; the method of Fazekas and Kósa shows a tendency to underestimate the age, and the method of Scheuer and MacLaughlin tends to overestimate it. The proposed formulae represent a good tool for estimating age in many different contexts because they are relatively easy to apply, although other analysis systems, such as Bayesian approach or geometric morphometry, offer more robust and effective results

Efectos del consumo de drogas sobre la salud del adolescente y sus consecuencias en el ámbito familiar y social

El problema del consumo de drogas está presente en todas las sociedades y es algo a lo que tienen que enfrentarse todas las personas decidiendo sobre el uso o abstinencia de las mismas. Sin embargo, algunos grupos de la población sufren más riesgo de caer en esta tentación como, por ejemplo, los adolescentes, quienes se encuentran en una etapa difícil y con una personalidad aún sin definir, influyendo en ellos a la hora de tomar decisiones una serie de factores tanto de riesgo como de protección relacionados con la familia, el grupo de iguales, la escuela, etc. Además, la adolescencia se caracteriza por ser una etapa de búsqueda de nuevas experiencias y sensaciones, lo que lleva al adolescente a implicarse en conductas de riesgo como el consumo de drogas, cuyos efectos y consecuencias son muy amplios y diversos tanto a nivel individual como a nivel familiar y social. Realizar prevención en este ámbito es esencial para intentar reducir o evitar el consumo de drogas o retrasar la edad de inicio en este. Esta prevención debe realizarse de manera coordinada desde los ámbitos familiar, escolar y social.Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Grado en Pedagogí

Las mujeres como conductoras de programas de infoentretenimiento análisis de roles y de liderazgos desde una perspectiva de género

El infoentretenimiento es un macrogénero que tiene gran seguimiento entre las audiencias. Sin embargo, aunque es una tendencia que produce fórmulas innovadoras, con discurso crítico y a menudo comprometida con los problemas de la sociedad, se observa una distribución tradicional de roles en la conducción de los programas, asunto claramente apreciado por sus audiencias potenciales, las cuales tienden a cuestionar esta situación. Este estudio presenta las reflexiones derivadas de una investigación doctoral en proceso sobre audiencias de programas de infoentretenimiento. En esta fase de la investigación nos preguntamos si esas apreciaciones de desigualdad que tienen las audiencias responde a la realidad y si la asignación de roles y de liderazgo en los programas se realiza teniendo en cuenta el sexo de la figura mediática u otras variables. Para su exploración, realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a artífices de infotainment donde apreciamos esta disparidad de roles y que ya fue señalada por las personas espectadoras encuestadas en grupos de discusión previos. Efectuamos un total de ocho encuentros con profesionales de tres programas distintos: la directora Carmen Aguilera, el guionista Paco Páez, el presentador El Gran Wyoming y la copresentadora Sandra Sabatés, de El Intermedio; el subdirector Epi Martín y la presentadora María Gómez, de Ese programa del que usted me habla; y el colaborador Alberto Casado y la guionista Victoria Martín, de La Resistencia. Los resultados extraídos de las entrevistas enfatizaron que los hombres tienen mayor presencia como conductores, pero que en los programas más consolidados responde más a una cuestión de prestigio que a la selección por sexo, como es el caso de Wyoming en El Intermedio; por su parte, la fugacidad de Ese programa del que usted me habla, que justo alteraba la distribución de roles, se achacó a motivos de horario y al poco seguimiento de la cadena, según los responsables.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Women and Infotainment. The rRole of Female Presenters in Spanish Infoshows according to their Audiences

El panorama televisivo español actual muestra una gran variedad de formatos. De todos, los infoshows han evolucionado en las últimas décadas para ofrecer informaciones mediante recursos inapropiados para los noticiarios convencionales, tales como el humor y la sátira. Realizamos tres grupos de discusión con espectadores, divididos en dos franjas de edad, de 18 a 35 años y de 35 a 60, entrevistadas conjuntamente y por separado, y les preguntamos por tres programas de interés, El Intermedio, El Hormiguero y Zapeando. La experiencia pretendía esclarecer si el papel de las mujeres en estas fórmulas cómicas supone un cambio significativo para las audiencias en lo que las atañe como comunicadoras, hasta el punto de verlas como modelos de referencia para su género o si, por el contrario, suponen una degradación de las mismas, en cuanto a que tienden a ser simples copresentadoras o a asumir papeles burlescos.The current Spanish television shows a great variety of formats. Of all, the infoshows have evolved in recent decades to offer information through inappropriate resources for conventional newscasts, such as humor and satire. We made three discussion groups of two generations: from 18 to 35 years old and from 35 to 60, interviewed together and separately. The questions were focused on three programs of interest, El Intermedio, El Hormiguero and Zapeando. The experience was designed to clarify whether the women communicators of these formulas represent a good reference for the audience, or whether, on the contrary, they exemplify their degradation by being copresenters or by assuming burlesque roles

Energy efficient adaptation engines for android applications

Context The energy consumption of mobile devices is increasing due to the improvement in their components (e.g., better processors, larger screens). Although the hardware consumes the energy, the software is responsible for managing hardware resources such as the camera software and its functionality, and therefore, affects the energy consumption. Energy consumption not only depends on the installed code, but also on the execution context (environment, devices status) and how the user interacts with the application. Objective In order to reduce the energy consumption based on user behavior, it is necessary to dynamically adapt the application. However, the adaptation mechanism also consumes a certain amount of energy in itself, which may lead to an important increase in the energy expenditure of the application in comparison with the benefits of the adaptation. Therefore, this footprint must be measured and compared with the benefit obtained. Method In this paper, we (1) determine the benefits, in terms of energy consumption, of dynamically adapting mobile applications, based on user behavior; and (2) advocate the most energy-efficient adaptation mechanism. We provide four different implementations of a proposed adaptation model and measure their energy consumption. Results The proposed adaptation engines do not increase the energy consumption when compared to the benefits of the adaptation, which can reduce the energy consumption by up to 20%. Conclusion The adaptation engines proposed in this paper can decrease the energy consumption of the mobile devices based on user behavior. The overhead introduced by the adaptation engines is negligible in comparison with the benefits obtained by the adaptation.Junta de Andalucía MAGIC P12-TIC1814Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-64841-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades TIN2017-90644-REDTMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-099213-B-I00Universidad de Málaga LEIA UMA18-FEDERJA-15

Reconstrucción de edificios y análisis urbanístico de centros históricos con fotogrametría aérea

Historical city centers are complex scenarios to be reconstructed in 3D. Advances in automated 3D reconstruction are useful to apply urban analysis that otherwise will require a lot of human effort. In this paper, urban parameters are automatically derived to quantify the urban analysis in historical city centers. Particularly, an aerial photogrammetric flight is used as input data to reconstruct 3D models of buildings with metric capabilities. The results reveal that geometric information of buildings (heights, areas and volumes) and urban density attributes (building coverage ratio and floor area ratio) plays an essential role in the design, planning and management of historical cities. The approach developed was validated in the historical city center of Trento (Italy) using cadastral data and a mobile mapping system (MMS) as ground-truth.Los centros urbanos históricos son escenarios complejos para su reconstrucción tridimensional. Los avances en la reconstrucción automática son de gran utilidad para realizar análisis urbanísticos que de otra manera requerirían un elevado esfuerzo humano. En este artículo, se derivarán de forma automática parámetros urbanísticos para el análisis de los centros históricos. En particular, se utiliza un vuelo fotogramétrico como base para la obtención de modelos 3D de edificios con propiedades métricas. Los resultados revelan que la información geométrica de los edificios (alturas, áreas y volúmenes) y los atributos de densidad urbana (intensidad de ocupación del suelo en 2D y 3D) juegan un papel esencial en el diseño, planificación y gestión de los centros históricos. El enfoque propuesto fue validado en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Trento (Italia) utilizando datos catastrales y un sistema de cartografiado móvil como referencia geométrica

Sex assessment from the proximal femur in the Spanish population based on three-dimensional computed tomography metric analysis

The studies published in recent years have shown that the linear measurements on the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) clinical images of the hip bone, skull or breastbone can serve as a reliable alternative method for sex estimation. In spite of the fact that the proximal femur exhibited high dimorphism when examining the skeletal material, there is still a lack of morphometric studies dealing with the CT imaging of this anatomical region that would confirm the relevance of the previously obtained results. The aim of this study was to validate the reliability and precision of some proximal femur measurements obtained in vivo from the 3D-CT models and to compare the accuracies of our findings with those formerly reported by other relevant research. The vertical diameter of neck and the vertical diameter of head were found to contribute the most when considered independently (90.4%–91.8%). When combining these with the other dimensions, the prediction accuracy increased up to 97.3%. The accuracy of CT measurements is in accordance with those obtained in the traditional morphometric studies on the skeletonized femurs of contemporary populations. The 3D-CT approach showed remarkably higher percentage of predictive ability in comparison with the 2D technique. 3D-CT is a suitable tool for the objective quantification of osteological data. The medical scans and measurements on living individuals offer a valuable source of data from which the highly reliable skeletal standards can be developed for estimating sex, even from the fragmented remains. The method proposed here can be highly useful especially in the identification of mass disaster victims when the direct osteometry is difficult to apply and maceration of the remains is not an option